Iberian, Latin American, and Caribbean Elements in Video Game Music
The following lists feature Video Game Music (VGM) tracks that could be used as references and resources for Ludomusicology, Latin American, and Afro-Latin American Studies in music and popular culture. The research is ongoing, so more tracks will be added and categorized whenever necessary. The lists are intended only for educational purposes. Some of the tracks included on the lists can be found on music streaming services and smartphone applications. Information about my research process for this project is available via my blog. Given that this music is subject to copyright, researchers must exercise caution and responsibility by following applicable copyright laws when citing VGM recordings or score fragments for publication.
Video Game Music Tracks That Evoke Iberia (Spain , Portugal, or Mediterranean)
1. “Gerudo Valley” - The Legend of Zelda: Ocarina of Time (Spain)
2. “Catalina” - Uncharted Waters: New Horizons (Spain)
3. “Caprice for Lute- Theme of Joan” - Uncharted Waters: New Horizons (Portugal)
4. “Opening Demo” - Super Mario Sunshine (Mediterranean)
5. “Dark Pit” - Kid Icarus: Uprising (Spain, Mediterranean)
6. “Lisbon” - Uncharted Waters Online (Portugal)
7. “Luigi’s Theme” - Mario Strikers Charged (Spain, Mediterranean)
8. “Spain Theme—Ancient—Recuerdos de la Alhambra” - Sid Meier’s Civilization VI (Spain)
9. Aztec Adventure (OST) - Aztec Adventure (Spain)
10. “Windmill Isle (Day)” - Sonic Unleashed (Mediterranean)
11. “Port” - Uncharted Waters Online (Mediterranean)
12. “Yasuragi no hi” - Cardcaptor Sakura (Mediterranean)
13. “Atahualpa” Inca (Spain)
14. “Bob’s Tango” - Clockwork Knight (Spain)
15. "Dragon Roost Island" - The Legend of Zelda: The Wind Waker (Spain)
16. “Sevilla” - Uncharted Waters Online (Spain)
17. “Portugal Theme, Fado Menor" - Sid Meier’s Civilization VI (Portugal)
18. “Final Boss—Part 1” - Rocket Knight Adventures (Spain)
19. “Delfino Plaza”- Super Mario Sunshine (Mediterranean)
20. “Vega Stage” - Street Fighter II: The World Warrior (Spain)
21. “Saloon Showdown (Stage 3-2)" - Lethal Enforcers II: Gun Fighters (Spain)
22. “Sad Sun” - Paper Mario (Mediterranean)
23. “Spagonia” - Sonic Unleashed (Mediterranean)
24. “Puzzle—Spain” - Pandora’s Box (Spain)
Selected Tracks from the Uncharted Waters Series
1. “Portugal (In Lisbon)” – Uncharted Waters
2. “Southern Harbor” - Uncharted Waters
3. “Catalina” - Uncharted Waters: New Horizons
4. “Caprice for Lute” - Uncharted Waters: New Horizons
5. “Empty Eyes” - Uncharted Waters: New Horizons
6. “Port” - Uncharted Waters Online
7. “Lisbon” - Uncharted Waters Online
8. “Spain” - Uncharted Waters Online
9. “Credits” - Uncharted Waters Online
10. “Town New World” - Uncharted Waters Origin
11. “Seville” - Uncharted Waters Origin
12. “Town Lisbon” - Uncharted Waters Origin
13. “Town New World” - Uncharted Waters Origin
14. “KY Town Lisbon” - Uncharted Waters Origin
15. “KY New World” - Uncharted Waters Origin
16. “KY Event Ending 1” - Uncharted Waters Origin
17. “Caprice for Lute” - Uncharted Waters II: Special Edition (Soundtrack with Arrangements)
18. “Catalina” - Uncharted Waters II: Special Edition (Soundtrack with Arrangements)
19. “Emerald Sea” - Uncharted Waters II: Special Edition (Soundtrack with Arrangements)
Selected Tracks from Games Published by Sega
1. “Magical Sound Shower - OutRun (1986)
2. “Passing Breeze” - OutRun (1986)
3. “Opa-Opa! (Round One)” - Fantasy Zone (1986)
4. “Hot Snow (Round Five)” - Fantasy Zone (1986)
5. Aztec Adventure/Nazca ’88: The Road to the Golden Paradise (1987) - FM Version
6. “Jungle” - Dynamite Düx (1988)
7. “Achacha” - Dynamite Düx (1988)
8. “Desert Theme” - Alex Kidd in The Enchanted Castle (1989)
9. “Islands” - Wonder Boy in Monster World (1991, 1992)
10. “Mexico” - QuackShot (1991)
11. “Peru” - The Lucky Dime Caper starring Donald Duck (1991)
12. "DISCOVERY -Grandpa is Still Alive-" - Cool Riders (1994)
13. “Shop” - Super Fantasy Zone (1992)
14. “Mango” - Super Fantasy Zone (1992)
15. “Intro & Aztec Temple” - Greendog: The Beached Surfer Dude! (1992)
16. "Grenada" - Greendog: The Beached Surfer Dude! (1992)
17. “Curacao" - Greendog: The Beached Surfer Dude! (1992)
18. “Stage 3: Magical Sea” - McDonald’s Treasure Land Adventure (1993)
19. “Magical Castle (Stage 4)” - Ronald in the Magical World (1993)
20. “Title Screen” - Clockwork Knight (1994, 1995)
21. “Bob’s Tango” - Clockwork Knight (1994, 1995)
22. “Iron Arms” - Clockwork Knight (1994, 1995)
23. “Salsa de Pepperouchau (Intro Mix)” - Clockwork Knight 2 (1995, 1996)
24. “PLANET FLORA – Rd. 1-1 Theme – Shooting Ristar” - Ristar (1995)
25. “Advertising BGM B” - Sega Water Ski (1997, 1998)
26. “Expert Course” - Sega Water Ski (1997, 1998)
27. “Name Entry” - Sega Water Ski (1997, 1998)
28. “Boz Nov” - Shenmue (1999)
29. “Mexican Flyer Remix” - Space Channel 5 (1999, 2000)
30. “Pala Paya… Lounge Music” - Space Channel 5 (1999, 2000)
31. “Monkey Bowling Menu” - Super Monkey Ball (2001)
32. “Monkey Golf 2” - Super Monkey Ball 2 (2002)
33. “Latino Tune” - Sega Soccer Slam (2002)
34. “Passionate & Silent Sea” - Billy Hatcher and the Giant Egg (2003)
35. “Bossa Nova of Briny Air” - Billy Hatcher and the Giant Egg (2003)
36. “Endless Love (Link Loop Land)” - 3D Fantasy Zone II W (2015)
37. “VAMOS A CARNAVAL” - Samba de Amigo: Party Central (2023)
Video Game Music Tracks That Evoke Latin America and the Caribbean
1. “Title Theme” - Clockwork Knight (Hispanophone Caribbean)
2. “Happy Adventure, Delightful Adventure - Super Mario RPG (Latin America/Hispanophone Caribbean/Anglophone Caribbean)
3. “Mii Channel Theme” - Nintendo Wii (Console) (Latin America)
4. “BGM 2 (Monkeys)” - Mario Paint (Hispanophone Caribbean)
5. “Out of Freedom (City)" - Super Hydlide (Latin America)
6. “The Beach” - Puggsy (Sega CD Version) (Anglophone and Hispanophone Caribbean)
7. “Bossanova” - AIV Evolution—A Ressha de Ikou 4 (Brazil)
8. “Gran Colombia Theme—Ancient—Velo Que Bonito, Reír Llorando” - Sid Meier’s Civilization VI: New Frontiers Pass (Colombia)
9. “Windmill Village Mode 1” - Sonic Rush Adventure (Brazil)
10. “Moonlight Tango” - Dark Cloud 2 (Argentina)
11. “Aztec Theme—Ancient—Traditional Nahua Music” - Sid Meier’s Civilization VI (Mexico)
12. “Mexican Flyer Remix” - Space Channel 5 [Latin American(?)]
13. “Passing Breeze” - Out Run (Latin America/Brazil)
14. “The Magnificent Four (Attract Mode)” - Sunset Riders (Latin America/Mexico/Southwestern and Western United States)
15. “Flower Field” - Yoshi’s Island DS (Hipanophone Caribbean/Cuba)
16. “Los Manglares (World of the Dead)” Guacamelee! 2 (Mexico)
17. The Ancient Era (Inca)" - Sid Meier’s Civilization VI: Gathering Storm (Peru)
18. “World Map” - StarTropics (Anglophone Caribbean)
19. “Beach Theme” - Mole Mania (Brazil)
20. “Pirate Island” Adventures in the Magic Kingdom (Hispanophone Caribbean/Puerto Rico)
21. “Welcome to Isle Delfino” Super Mario Sunshine (Brazil)
22. “O.M.I.S.E. (Shop) Super Hydlide (Brazil)
23. “S.S. Caviar (Interior)” Wario: Master of Disguise (Anglophone and Hispanophone Caribbean)
24. “Title” Mega Man: The Wily Wars (Anglophone Caribbean)
25. “Angel Island Zone, Act 1” Sonic the Hedgehog 3 (Anglophone Caribbean)
26. “Overworld 1 Theme” Super Mario Bros. 3 (Anglophone and Hispanophone Caribbean)
27. “Empty Eyes” Uncharted Waters: New Horizons (Brazil)
28. “Title Screen” Yoshi’s Safari (Anglophone and Hispanophone Caribbean)
29. “Poké Pelago Island (Day)” Pokémon Sun and Moon (Latin America/Brazil)
30. “Battle Against a Weak Opponent” Earthbound/Mother 2 (Latin America/Mexico/United States)
31. “Beach (Bossa Nova) The Conveni Portable (Brazil)
32. “Another World” Rayman Legends (Latin America)
33. “Starman” Super Mario World 2: Yoshi’s Island (Latin America/Brazil)
34. “On the Open Seas” Super Adventure Island II (Anglophone Caribbean)
35. “Timed Event” Super Mario Sunshine (Anglophone Caribbean/Latin America/Brazil)
36. “Aztec Ambient—Flute and Drums” Sid Meier’s Civilization VI (Mexico)
37. “Powerful Mario” Super Mario 64 (Latin America/Brazil)
38. “Flight Club” Pilotwings (Brazil)
39. “Wave (Bossa)” The Conveni 200X (Brazil)
40. “On the Beach Theme” Yoshi’s Story (Anglophone Caribbean/Brazil)
1. “Gerudo Valley” - The Legend of Zelda: Ocarina of Time (Spain)
2. “Catalina” - Uncharted Waters: New Horizons (Spain)
3. “Caprice for Lute- Theme of Joan” - Uncharted Waters: New Horizons (Portugal)
4. “Opening Demo” - Super Mario Sunshine (Mediterranean)
5. “Dark Pit” - Kid Icarus: Uprising (Spain, Mediterranean)
6. “Lisbon” - Uncharted Waters Online (Portugal)
7. “Luigi’s Theme” - Mario Strikers Charged (Spain, Mediterranean)
8. “Spain Theme—Ancient—Recuerdos de la Alhambra” - Sid Meier’s Civilization VI (Spain)
9. Aztec Adventure (OST) - Aztec Adventure (Spain)
10. “Windmill Isle (Day)” - Sonic Unleashed (Mediterranean)
11. “Port” - Uncharted Waters Online (Mediterranean)
12. “Yasuragi no hi” - Cardcaptor Sakura (Mediterranean)
13. “Atahualpa” Inca (Spain)
14. “Bob’s Tango” - Clockwork Knight (Spain)
15. "Dragon Roost Island" - The Legend of Zelda: The Wind Waker (Spain)
16. “Sevilla” - Uncharted Waters Online (Spain)
17. “Portugal Theme, Fado Menor" - Sid Meier’s Civilization VI (Portugal)
18. “Final Boss—Part 1” - Rocket Knight Adventures (Spain)
19. “Delfino Plaza”- Super Mario Sunshine (Mediterranean)
20. “Vega Stage” - Street Fighter II: The World Warrior (Spain)
21. “Saloon Showdown (Stage 3-2)" - Lethal Enforcers II: Gun Fighters (Spain)
22. “Sad Sun” - Paper Mario (Mediterranean)
23. “Spagonia” - Sonic Unleashed (Mediterranean)
24. “Puzzle—Spain” - Pandora’s Box (Spain)
Selected Tracks from the Uncharted Waters Series
1. “Portugal (In Lisbon)” – Uncharted Waters
2. “Southern Harbor” - Uncharted Waters
3. “Catalina” - Uncharted Waters: New Horizons
4. “Caprice for Lute” - Uncharted Waters: New Horizons
5. “Empty Eyes” - Uncharted Waters: New Horizons
6. “Port” - Uncharted Waters Online
7. “Lisbon” - Uncharted Waters Online
8. “Spain” - Uncharted Waters Online
9. “Credits” - Uncharted Waters Online
10. “Town New World” - Uncharted Waters Origin
11. “Seville” - Uncharted Waters Origin
12. “Town Lisbon” - Uncharted Waters Origin
13. “Town New World” - Uncharted Waters Origin
14. “KY Town Lisbon” - Uncharted Waters Origin
15. “KY New World” - Uncharted Waters Origin
16. “KY Event Ending 1” - Uncharted Waters Origin
17. “Caprice for Lute” - Uncharted Waters II: Special Edition (Soundtrack with Arrangements)
18. “Catalina” - Uncharted Waters II: Special Edition (Soundtrack with Arrangements)
19. “Emerald Sea” - Uncharted Waters II: Special Edition (Soundtrack with Arrangements)
Selected Tracks from Games Published by Sega
1. “Magical Sound Shower - OutRun (1986)
2. “Passing Breeze” - OutRun (1986)
3. “Opa-Opa! (Round One)” - Fantasy Zone (1986)
4. “Hot Snow (Round Five)” - Fantasy Zone (1986)
5. Aztec Adventure/Nazca ’88: The Road to the Golden Paradise (1987) - FM Version
6. “Jungle” - Dynamite Düx (1988)
7. “Achacha” - Dynamite Düx (1988)
8. “Desert Theme” - Alex Kidd in The Enchanted Castle (1989)
9. “Islands” - Wonder Boy in Monster World (1991, 1992)
10. “Mexico” - QuackShot (1991)
11. “Peru” - The Lucky Dime Caper starring Donald Duck (1991)
12. "DISCOVERY -Grandpa is Still Alive-" - Cool Riders (1994)
13. “Shop” - Super Fantasy Zone (1992)
14. “Mango” - Super Fantasy Zone (1992)
15. “Intro & Aztec Temple” - Greendog: The Beached Surfer Dude! (1992)
16. "Grenada" - Greendog: The Beached Surfer Dude! (1992)
17. “Curacao" - Greendog: The Beached Surfer Dude! (1992)
18. “Stage 3: Magical Sea” - McDonald’s Treasure Land Adventure (1993)
19. “Magical Castle (Stage 4)” - Ronald in the Magical World (1993)
20. “Title Screen” - Clockwork Knight (1994, 1995)
21. “Bob’s Tango” - Clockwork Knight (1994, 1995)
22. “Iron Arms” - Clockwork Knight (1994, 1995)
23. “Salsa de Pepperouchau (Intro Mix)” - Clockwork Knight 2 (1995, 1996)
24. “PLANET FLORA – Rd. 1-1 Theme – Shooting Ristar” - Ristar (1995)
25. “Advertising BGM B” - Sega Water Ski (1997, 1998)
26. “Expert Course” - Sega Water Ski (1997, 1998)
27. “Name Entry” - Sega Water Ski (1997, 1998)
28. “Boz Nov” - Shenmue (1999)
29. “Mexican Flyer Remix” - Space Channel 5 (1999, 2000)
30. “Pala Paya… Lounge Music” - Space Channel 5 (1999, 2000)
31. “Monkey Bowling Menu” - Super Monkey Ball (2001)
32. “Monkey Golf 2” - Super Monkey Ball 2 (2002)
33. “Latino Tune” - Sega Soccer Slam (2002)
34. “Passionate & Silent Sea” - Billy Hatcher and the Giant Egg (2003)
35. “Bossa Nova of Briny Air” - Billy Hatcher and the Giant Egg (2003)
36. “Endless Love (Link Loop Land)” - 3D Fantasy Zone II W (2015)
37. “VAMOS A CARNAVAL” - Samba de Amigo: Party Central (2023)
Video Game Music Tracks That Evoke Latin America and the Caribbean
1. “Title Theme” - Clockwork Knight (Hispanophone Caribbean)
2. “Happy Adventure, Delightful Adventure - Super Mario RPG (Latin America/Hispanophone Caribbean/Anglophone Caribbean)
3. “Mii Channel Theme” - Nintendo Wii (Console) (Latin America)
4. “BGM 2 (Monkeys)” - Mario Paint (Hispanophone Caribbean)
5. “Out of Freedom (City)" - Super Hydlide (Latin America)
6. “The Beach” - Puggsy (Sega CD Version) (Anglophone and Hispanophone Caribbean)
7. “Bossanova” - AIV Evolution—A Ressha de Ikou 4 (Brazil)
8. “Gran Colombia Theme—Ancient—Velo Que Bonito, Reír Llorando” - Sid Meier’s Civilization VI: New Frontiers Pass (Colombia)
9. “Windmill Village Mode 1” - Sonic Rush Adventure (Brazil)
10. “Moonlight Tango” - Dark Cloud 2 (Argentina)
11. “Aztec Theme—Ancient—Traditional Nahua Music” - Sid Meier’s Civilization VI (Mexico)
12. “Mexican Flyer Remix” - Space Channel 5 [Latin American(?)]
13. “Passing Breeze” - Out Run (Latin America/Brazil)
14. “The Magnificent Four (Attract Mode)” - Sunset Riders (Latin America/Mexico/Southwestern and Western United States)
15. “Flower Field” - Yoshi’s Island DS (Hipanophone Caribbean/Cuba)
16. “Los Manglares (World of the Dead)” Guacamelee! 2 (Mexico)
17. The Ancient Era (Inca)" - Sid Meier’s Civilization VI: Gathering Storm (Peru)
18. “World Map” - StarTropics (Anglophone Caribbean)
19. “Beach Theme” - Mole Mania (Brazil)
20. “Pirate Island” Adventures in the Magic Kingdom (Hispanophone Caribbean/Puerto Rico)
21. “Welcome to Isle Delfino” Super Mario Sunshine (Brazil)
22. “O.M.I.S.E. (Shop) Super Hydlide (Brazil)
23. “S.S. Caviar (Interior)” Wario: Master of Disguise (Anglophone and Hispanophone Caribbean)
24. “Title” Mega Man: The Wily Wars (Anglophone Caribbean)
25. “Angel Island Zone, Act 1” Sonic the Hedgehog 3 (Anglophone Caribbean)
26. “Overworld 1 Theme” Super Mario Bros. 3 (Anglophone and Hispanophone Caribbean)
27. “Empty Eyes” Uncharted Waters: New Horizons (Brazil)
28. “Title Screen” Yoshi’s Safari (Anglophone and Hispanophone Caribbean)
29. “Poké Pelago Island (Day)” Pokémon Sun and Moon (Latin America/Brazil)
30. “Battle Against a Weak Opponent” Earthbound/Mother 2 (Latin America/Mexico/United States)
31. “Beach (Bossa Nova) The Conveni Portable (Brazil)
32. “Another World” Rayman Legends (Latin America)
33. “Starman” Super Mario World 2: Yoshi’s Island (Latin America/Brazil)
34. “On the Open Seas” Super Adventure Island II (Anglophone Caribbean)
35. “Timed Event” Super Mario Sunshine (Anglophone Caribbean/Latin America/Brazil)
36. “Aztec Ambient—Flute and Drums” Sid Meier’s Civilization VI (Mexico)
37. “Powerful Mario” Super Mario 64 (Latin America/Brazil)
38. “Flight Club” Pilotwings (Brazil)
39. “Wave (Bossa)” The Conveni 200X (Brazil)
40. “On the Beach Theme” Yoshi’s Story (Anglophone Caribbean/Brazil)
