Iberian, Latin American, and Caribbean Elements in Video Game Music
The following lists feature Video Game Music (VGM) tracks that could be used as references and resources for Ludomusicology, Latin American, and Afro-Latin American Studies in music and popular culture. The research is ongoing, so more tracks will be added and categorized whenever necessary. The lists are intended only for educational purposes. Some of the tracks included on the lists can be found on music streaming services and smartphone applications. Information about my research process for this project is available via my blog. Certain tracks may appear more than once on different lists Given that this music is subject to copyright, researchers must exercise caution and responsibility by following applicable copyright laws when citing VGM recordings or score fragments for publication.
Video Game Music Tracks That Evoke Iberia (Spain , Portugal, or Mediterranean)
1. “Gerudo Valley” - The Legend of Zelda: Ocarina of Time (Spain)
2. “Catalina” - Uncharted Waters: New Horizons (Spain)
3. “Caprice for Lute- Theme of Joan” - Uncharted Waters: New Horizons (Portugal)
4. “Opening Demo” - Super Mario Sunshine (Mediterranean)
5. “Dark Pit” - Kid Icarus: Uprising (Spain, Mediterranean)
6. “Lisbon” - Uncharted Waters Online (Portugal)
7. “Luigi’s Theme” - Mario Strikers Charged (Spain, Mediterranean)
8. “Spain Theme—Ancient—Recuerdos de la Alhambra” - Sid Meier’s Civilization VI (Spain)
9. Aztec Adventure (OST) - Aztec Adventure (Spain)
10. “Windmill Isle (Day)” - Sonic Unleashed (Mediterranean)
11. “Port” - Uncharted Waters Online (Mediterranean)
12. “Yasuragi no hi” - Cardcaptor Sakura (Mediterranean)
13. “Atahualpa” Inca (Spain)
14. “Bob’s Tango” - Clockwork Knight (Spain)
15. "Dragon Roost Island" - The Legend of Zelda: The Wind Waker (Spain)
16. “Sevilla” - Uncharted Waters Online (Spain)
17. “Portugal Theme, Fado Menor" - Sid Meier’s Civilization VI (Portugal)
18. “Final Boss—Part 1” - Rocket Knight Adventures (Spain)
19. “Delfino Plaza”- Super Mario Sunshine (Mediterranean)
20. “Vega Stage” - Street Fighter II: The World Warrior (Spain)
21. “Saloon Showdown (Stage 3-2)" - Lethal Enforcers II: Gun Fighters (Spain)
22. “Sad Sun” - Paper Mario (Mediterranean)
23. “Spagonia” - Sonic Unleashed (Mediterranean)
24. “Puzzle—Spain” - Pandora’s Box (Spain)
Selected Tracks from the Uncharted Waters Series
1. “Portugal (In Lisbon)” – Uncharted Waters
2. “Southern Harbor” - Uncharted Waters
3. “Catalina” - Uncharted Waters: New Horizons
4. “Caprice for Lute” - Uncharted Waters: New Horizons
5. “Empty Eyes” - Uncharted Waters: New Horizons
6. “Port” - Uncharted Waters Online
7. “Lisbon” - Uncharted Waters Online
8. “Spain” - Uncharted Waters Online
9. “Credits” - Uncharted Waters Online
10. “Town New World” - Uncharted Waters Origin
11. “Seville” - Uncharted Waters Origin
12. “Town Lisbon” - Uncharted Waters Origin
13. “Town New World” - Uncharted Waters Origin
14. “KY Town Lisbon” - Uncharted Waters Origin
15. “KY New World” - Uncharted Waters Origin
16. “KY Event Ending 1” - Uncharted Waters Origin
17. “Caprice for Lute” - Uncharted Waters II: Special Edition (Soundtrack with Arrangements)
18. “Catalina” - Uncharted Waters II: Special Edition (Soundtrack with Arrangements)
19. “Emerald Sea” - Uncharted Waters II: Special Edition (Soundtrack with Arrangements)
Selected Tracks from Games Published by Sega
1. “Magical Sound Shower - OutRun (1986)
2. “Passing Breeze” - OutRun (1986)
3. “Opa-Opa! (Round One)” - Fantasy Zone (1986)
4. “Hot Snow (Round Five)” - Fantasy Zone (1986)
5. Aztec Adventure/Nazca ’88: The Road to the Golden Paradise (1987) - FM Version
6. “Jungle” - Dynamite Düx (1988)
7. “Achacha” - Dynamite Düx (1988)
8. “Desert Theme” - Alex Kidd in The Enchanted Castle (1989)
9. “Islands” - Wonder Boy in Monster World (1991, 1992)
10. “Mexico” - QuackShot (1991)
11. “Peru” - The Lucky Dime Caper starring Donald Duck (1991)
12. "DISCOVERY -Grandpa is Still Alive-" - Cool Riders (1994)
13. “Shop” - Super Fantasy Zone (1992)
14. “Mango” - Super Fantasy Zone (1992)
15. “Intro & Aztec Temple” - Greendog: The Beached Surfer Dude! (1992)
16. "Grenada" - Greendog: The Beached Surfer Dude! (1992)
17. “Curacao" - Greendog: The Beached Surfer Dude! (1992)
18. “Stage 3: Magical Sea” - McDonald’s Treasure Land Adventure (1993)
19. “Magical Castle (Stage 4)” - Ronald in the Magical World (1993)
20. “Title Screen” - Clockwork Knight (1994, 1995)
21. “Bob’s Tango” - Clockwork Knight (1994, 1995)
22. “Iron Arms” - Clockwork Knight (1994, 1995)
23. “Salsa de Pepperouchau (Intro Mix)” - Clockwork Knight 2 (1995, 1996)
24. “PLANET FLORA – Rd. 1-1 Theme – Shooting Ristar” - Ristar (1995)
25. “Advertising BGM B” - Sega Water Ski (1997, 1998)
26. “Expert Course” - Sega Water Ski (1997, 1998)
27. “Name Entry” - Sega Water Ski (1997, 1998)
28. “Boz Nov” - Shenmue (1999)
29. “Mexican Flyer Remix” - Space Channel 5 (1999, 2000)
30. “Pala Paya… Lounge Music” - Space Channel 5 (1999, 2000)
31. “Monkey Bowling Menu” - Super Monkey Ball (2001)
32. “Monkey Golf 2” - Super Monkey Ball 2 (2002)
33. “Latino Tune” - Sega Soccer Slam (2002)
34. “Passionate & Silent Sea” - Billy Hatcher and the Giant Egg (2003)
35. “Bossa Nova of Briny Air” - Billy Hatcher and the Giant Egg (2003)
36. “Endless Love (Link Loop Land)” - 3D Fantasy Zone II W (2015)
37. “VAMOS A CARNAVAL” - Samba de Amigo: Party Central (2023)
38. "Title Theme" - Disney's Talespin (Genesis Version)
39. "The Jungle/The Lost City" - Disney's Talespin (Genesis Version)
Tracks on the Nintendo Music App That Evoke Iberian, Latin American, and Caribbean Musical Elements
(Based on Available Video Game Soundtracks on the Application)
(The following tracks are currently available via a paid Nintendo Switch Online subscription. Except for several short soundtracks that last a few minutes, the complete versions of the soundtracks listed on the smartphone application can be found by scrolling through the track listings and choosing the "All Tracks" option. Listeners can extend most of the VGM tracks from fifteen to sixty minutes by using the "Extend To" feature, where applicable.)
Super Mario Bros. (1985)
1. "Ground BGM"
2. "Invincibility BGM"
3. "Player Down"
4. "Game Over"
Super Mario Bros. 2 (1988), NES
1. “Underground BGM”
2. “Sub-Space BGM”
Super Mario Bros. 3 (1988. 1990), NES
1. “Ground BGM”
2. “World 2 Map (Desert Land)”
3. “World 3 Map (Water Land)”
4. “Underwater BGM”
5. “Invincibility BGM”
6. “Music Box”
7. “World 5 Map (Sky Land) – On the Ground”
8. “Player Down”
9. “Game Over”
10. “King of the Koopas”
11. “Ending”
StreetPass Mii Plaza (2011), 3DS (Pre-Loaded Application/Game)
1. “Main Theme 1”
2. “Main Theme 2”
3. “Main Theme 3”
4. “Main Theme 4”
5. “Main Theme 5”
6. “Main Theme 6”
7. “Main Theme 7”
Super Mario World (1990, 1991), SNES
1.“Yoshi Ground BGM”
2. “P Switch BGM”
3. “Yoshi Athletic BGM”
4. “Invincibility BGM”
5. “Bonus Game BGM”
6. “Bonus Game Clear”
7. “Yoshi Underground BGM”
8. “Yoshi Underwater BGM”
9. “Star World (Map Screen)”
10. “Special World (Map Screen)”
The Legend of Zelda: The Wind Waker (2002), GameCube
1. “Beedle’s Shop Ship”
2. “Dragon Roost Island”
Super Mario 64 (1996), N64
1. "Title Theme"
2. "File Select"
3. "Powerful Mario"
Wave Race 64 (1996), N64
1. "Options"
2. "Twilight City"
3. "Race Results"
Super Mario Kart (1992), SNES
1. "Super Mario Kart Title Screen"
2. "Mario Circuit"
3. Donut Plains"
4. "Choco Island"
5. "Koopa Beach"
6. "Vanilla Lake"
7. "Super Star"
8. "Finish! (1st-4th Place)
9. "Finish! )Time Trials)
10. "Race Results (Mario)
11. "Race Results (Luigi)
12. "Race Results (Yoshi)
13. "Race Results (Donkey Kong Jr.)
14. "Staff Credits"
Wii Channels (2006), Wii (Console Music)
1. "Mii Plaza (Mii Channel)"
2. "Making a Mii (Mii Channel)"
3. "Mii Parade: Walking (Mii Channel)"
4. "Mii Parade: Running (Mii Channel)"
5. "Puzzle (Photo Channel)"
6. "Main Theme (Wii Shop Channel)"
7. "Voter Data (Everybody Votes Channel)"
Clubhouse Games: 51 Worldwide Classics (2020), Switch
1. "Board Games" Too Bad... 2" (Instrumental variations of this track appear elsewhere in the game, sometimes with different names.)
2. "Dominoes: Deciding Turn Order"
3. "Card Games: Too Bad..."
4. "Card Games: Draw"
5. "President: Revolution"
6. "Golf: Interim Results"
7. "Golf: Final Results"
8. "Sports Games: Too Bad... 1"
9. "Toy Soccer: During the Match"
10. "Toy Soccer: Halftime"
11. "Fishing: Results"
Tracks from Games Developed by Capcom That Evoke Iberia, Latin America and the Caribbean
Miscellaneous
1. "Mermaid Island" - Higemaru Akaijima: Nanatsu no Shima Daibouken (1986), Famicom
2. "The Forest" - Bionic Commando (1987), Arcade Version
3. "Stage 1 - To the South" - Disney's Goof Troop (1993), SNES
4. "Select a team" - Capcom's Soccer Shootout (1994), SNES
5. "Argentina" - Capcom's Soccer Shootout (1994), SNES
6. "Mexico" - Capcom's Soccer Shootout (1994), SNES
7. "Dubb Bossa" Capcom Sports Club (1997), Arcade
8. "Pirate Island" - Adventures in the Magic Kingdom (1990), NES
9. "Marriage Blue, In Door" Everblue 2 (2003), PS2
10. "Welcome to C.S.C" Capcom Sports Club (1997), Arcade
11. "Football Samba" Capcom Sports Club (1997), Arcade
12. "Sea Samba" Capcom Sports Club (1997), Arcade
13. "Today's Super Goal" Capcom Sports Club (1997), Arcade
14. "Let's Go to the Ocean" Capcom Sports Club (1997), Arcade
15. "Wharf Reggae Rascal" Capcom Sports Club (1997), Arcade
16. "Continue" Capcom Sports Club (1997), Arcade
17. "Forever" Capcom Sports Club (1997), Arcade
18. "Melody" Capcom Sports Club (1997), Arcade
19. "The Forest Poachers (Stage 2-1, 6-2)" - Cadillacs and Dinosaurs (1993), Arcade
20. "Continue?" - Eco Fighters (1994), Arcade
21. "Mexico (Stage 2)" - Saturday Night Slam Masters (1993), Arcade Version
22. "Theme of Rasta" - Saturday Night Slam Masters (1993), Arcade Version
23. "Network" - Marvel vs. Capcom 2 (2000), Arcade, Multi-Platform
23. "Network" - Marvel vs. Capcom 2 (2000), Arcade, Multi-Platform
24. "Briso do Mar" Everblue 2 (2002, 2003), PS2
25. "Por la Trade Temprana" Everblue 2 (2002, 2003), PS2
26. "Hiroba (2)" Everblue 2 (2002, 2003), PS2
27. "Song and Dance" - Breath of Fire (1993), SNES, GBA
28. "Fried Onions" - Breath of Fire III (1997), PS1
29. "BRUNO COSTA (Final Boss Appearance) - The Punisher (Arcade), 1994
30. "Pizza Contest" - Yo! Noid (1992), NES
31. "Stage 2" - Trojan (1986), Arcade
32. "Stage 3" - Trojan (1986), Arcade
33. "Jake Marshall ~ The Detective from the Wild West" - Phoenix Wright: Ace Attorney (2001), GBA Version
34. "Mask*deMask ~ Pleeeeease Listen!" - Phoenix Wright: Trials and Tribulations (2004), DS
35. "Luke Atmey ~ I Just Want Love" - Phoenix Wright: Trials and Tribulations (2004), DS
Mega Man (Series)
(Many official soundtracks to this series are currently available via the "Capcom Sound Team" artist page on Spotify.)
1. "Intro" - Mega Man: The Wily Wars (1994), Sega Channel/Mega Drive/Sega Genesis Mini/ Nintendo Switch Online + Expansion Pack
2. "Title" - Mega Man: The Wily Wars (1994), Sega Channel/Mega Drive/Sega Genesis Mini/ Nintendo Switch Online + Expansion Pack
3. "Blanka Theme" - Street Fighter X Mega Man (2012), PC
4. "Claw Theme (Vega)" - Street Fighter X Mega Man (2012), PC
5. "Slash Man Stage Jurassic Jungle" - Mega Man 7 (1995), SNES
6. "Cut Man Stage" - Mega Man (1987), NES
7. "Cut Man (Mega Man)" - Mega Man: The Wily Wars (1994), Sega Channel/Mega Drive/Sega Genesis Mini/ Nintendo Switch Online + Expansion Pack
8. "Cut Man ~Red Hot Paradise~" - Remixed track featured on the Mega Man Sound Collection soundtrack
9. "Fire Man Stage" - Mega Man (1987), NES
10. "Fire Man (Mega Man)" - Mega Man: The Wily Wars (1994), Sega Channel/Mega Drive/Sega Genesis Mini/ Nintendo Switch Online + Expansion Pack
11. "Quick Man Stage" - Mega Man 2 (1988), NES
12. "Quick Man (Mega Man 2)" - Mega Man: The Wily Wars (1994), Sega Channel/Mega Drive/Sega Genesis Mini/ Nintendo Switch Online + Expansion Pack
13. "Metal Man Stage" - Mega Man 2 (1988), NES
14. "Gemini Man Stage" - Mega Man 3 (1990), NES
15. "Gemini Man Stage" - Mega Man III (1992), Game Boy
16. "Gemini Man Stage (PS) - Remixed track featured on the Mega Man 3 Sound Collection soundtrack
17. "Pharaoh Man Stage" - Mega Man 4 (1991), NES
18. "Pharaoh Man Stage" - Mega Man IV (1993), Game Boy
19. "City Hall" - Mega Man Legends (1997), PS1, N64
Street Fighter (Series)
1. "Dee Jay Theme" - Super Street Fighter II: The New Challengers (1993), Arcade Version
2. "Theme of Dee Jay" - Super Street Fighter IV (2010), Multi-Platform
3. "Blanka Stage" - Street Fighter II: The World Warrior (1991), Arcade Version
4. "Theme of Blanka" - Super Street Fighter IV (2010), Multi-Platform
5. "Vega Stage" - Street Fighter II: The World Warrior (1991), Arcade Version
6. "Theme of Vega" - Super Street Fighter IV (2010), Multi-Platform
7. "T, Hawk Theme" - Super Street Fighter II: The New Challengers (1993), Arcade Version
8. "Theme of T, Hawk" - Super Street Fighter IV (2010), Multi-Platform
9. "Sao Paolo - Sean Stage" - Street Fighter III: 2nd Impact: Giant Attack (1997), Multi-Platform
Video Game Music Tracks That Evoke Latin America and the Caribbean
1. “Title Theme” - Clockwork Knight (Hispanophone Caribbean)
2. “Happy Adventure, Delightful Adventure - Super Mario RPG (Latin America/Hispanophone Caribbean/Anglophone Caribbean)
3. “Mii Channel Theme” - Nintendo Wii (Console) (Latin America)
4. “BGM 2 (Monkeys)” - Mario Paint (Hispanophone Caribbean)
5. “Out of Freedom (City)" - Super Hydlide (Latin America)
6. “The Beach” - Puggsy (Sega CD Version) (Anglophone and Hispanophone Caribbean)
7. “Bossanova” - AIV Evolution—A Ressha de Ikou 4 (Brazil)
8. “Gran Colombia Theme—Ancient—Velo Que Bonito, Reír Llorando” - Sid Meier’s Civilization VI: New Frontiers Pass (Colombia)
9. “Windmill Village Mode 1” - Sonic Rush Adventure (Brazil)
10. “Moonlight Tango” - Dark Cloud 2 (Argentina)
11. “Aztec Theme—Ancient—Traditional Nahua Music” - Sid Meier’s Civilization VI (Mexico)
12. “Mexican Flyer Remix” - Space Channel 5 [Latin American(?)]
13. “Passing Breeze” - Out Run (Latin America/Brazil)
14. “The Magnificent Four (Attract Mode)” - Sunset Riders (Latin America/Mexico/Southwestern and Western United States)
15. “Flower Field” - Yoshi’s Island DS (Hipanophone Caribbean/Cuba)
16. “Los Manglares (World of the Dead)” Guacamelee! 2 (Mexico)
17. The Ancient Era (Inca)" - Sid Meier’s Civilization VI: Gathering Storm (Peru)
18. “World Map” - StarTropics (Anglophone Caribbean)
19. “Beach Theme” - Mole Mania (Brazil)
20. “Pirate Island” Adventures in the Magic Kingdom (Hispanophone Caribbean/Puerto Rico)
21. “Welcome to Isle Delfino” Super Mario Sunshine (Brazil)
22. “O.M.I.S.E. (Shop) Super Hydlide (Brazil)
23. “S.S. Caviar (Interior)” Wario: Master of Disguise (Anglophone and Hispanophone Caribbean)
24. “Title” Mega Man: The Wily Wars (Anglophone Caribbean)
25. “Angel Island Zone, Act 1” Sonic the Hedgehog 3 (Anglophone Caribbean)
26. “Overworld 1 Theme” Super Mario Bros. 3 (Anglophone and Hispanophone Caribbean)
27. “Empty Eyes” Uncharted Waters: New Horizons (Brazil)
28. “Title Screen” Yoshi’s Safari (Anglophone and Hispanophone Caribbean)
29. “Poké Pelago Island (Day)” Pokémon Sun and Moon (Latin America/Brazil)
30. “Battle Against a Weak Opponent” Earthbound/Mother 2 (Latin America/Mexico/United States)
31. “Beach (Bossa Nova) The Conveni Portable (Brazil)
32. “Another World” Rayman Legends (Latin America)
33. “Starman” Super Mario World 2: Yoshi’s Island (Latin America/Brazil)
34. “On the Open Seas” Super Adventure Island II (Anglophone Caribbean)
35. “Timed Event” Super Mario Sunshine (Anglophone Caribbean/Latin America/Brazil)
36. “Aztec Ambient—Flute and Drums” Sid Meier’s Civilization VI (Mexico)
37. “Powerful Mario” Super Mario 64 (Latin America/Brazil)
38. “Flight Club” Pilotwings (Brazil)
39. “Wave (Bossa)” The Conveni 200X (Brazil)
40. “On the Beach Theme” Yoshi’s Story (Anglophone Caribbean/Brazil)
